Where Is Your Data Really?

This paper explains why Europe is redefining the digital economy around trust through control. It clarifies the key difference between data residency (where data sits) and data sovereignty (which jurisdiction governs access), warning that “EU hosting” alone can still expose data to extra-territorial demands. It highlights enforcement following Schrems II, where fines and cease-and-desist orders disrupt business continuity.

The guide maps the legal backbone (GDPR, EU Data Act, EDPB guidance, Cybersecurity Act, Digital Decade) and shows how sovereignty can become a competitive advantage. It then outlines full-stack sovereignty across infrastructure, platform, and governance, positioning nLighten’s edge sites as the foundation.

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